Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurological condition that affects millions of children and adults around the world.
Characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, ADHD can significantly interfere with academic performance, work, and social relationships. In this article, we will explore in detail what ADHD is, its main symptoms, how it is diagnosed, and what treatment options are available.
What is ADHD?
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, meaning it affects the development of the brain and nervous system. People with ADHD have difficulty maintaining attention, controlling impulses, and regulating activity levels. Although ADHD is often associated with children, it also affects adults, though the symptoms may change over time.
Historically, ADHD was considered a problem that disappeared with age, but more recent research shows that about 60% of children with ADHD will continue to have symptoms into adulthood. The disorder is more common in boys than girls, but this may be due to the way symptoms manifest, with boys more often displaying hyperactivity, while girls may be more inattentive.
ADHD Symptoms
The symptoms of ADHD are generally divided into three categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Each person with ADHD may exhibit a different combination of these symptoms.
1. Inattention:
- Difficulty focusing on tasks: People with ADHD often have trouble maintaining attention in prolonged activities, especially in tasks they find monotonous.
- Forgetfulness in daily activities: They may forget appointments, obligations, or important details.
- Easily distracted: They are easily distracted by external stimuli or irrelevant thoughts.
- Difficulty following instructions: Even when they want to, they may struggle to follow detailed instructions or complete tasks in stages.
2. Hyperactivity:
- Constant movement: Children with ADHD are often “always on the go,” unable to sit still for long periods.
- Difficulty staying still: They may feel restless, fidgeting with their hands or feet, or squirming in their chair.
- Excessive talking: Talking too much or frequently interrupting others.
3. Impulsivity:
- Difficulty waiting their turn: Whether in line or in conversation, people with ADHD may have trouble waiting their turn.
- Making hasty decisions: They may act without thinking about the consequences, such as impulsively buying something expensive or making an inappropriate comment.
- Frequent interruptions: They interrupt others or intrude into conversations or activities.
